55 research outputs found
Speed dependent stochasticity capacitates Newell model for synchronized flow and oscillation growth pattern
This paper has incorporated the stochasticity into the Newell car following
model. Three stochastic driving factors have been considered: (i) Driver's
acceleration is bounded. (ii) Driver's deceleration includes stochastic
component, which is depicted by a deceleration with the randomization
probability that is assumed to increase with the speed. (iii) Vehicles in the
jam state have a larger randomization probability. Two simulation scenarios are
conducted to test the model. In the first scenario, traffic flow on a circular
road is investigated. In the second scenario, empirical traffic flow patterns
in the NGSIM data induced by a rubberneck bottleneck is studied, and the
simulated traffic oscillations and synchronized traffic flow are consistent
with the empirical patterns. Moreover, two experiments of model calibration and
validation are conducted. The first is to calibrate and validate using
experimental data, which illustrates that the concave growth pattern has been
quantitatively simulated. The second is to calibrate and cross validate
vehicles' trajectories using NGSIM data, which exhibits that the car following
behaviors of single vehicles can be well described. Therefore, our study
highlights the importance of speed dependent stochasticity in traffic flow
modeling, which cannot be ignored as in most car-following studies.Comment: 19 page
Empirical analysis and simulation of the evolution concavity of traffic oscillations
This paper has investigated the growth pattern of traffic oscillations in the
NGSIM vehicle trajectories data, via measuring the standard deviation of
vehicle velocity involved in oscillations. We found that the standard deviation
of the velocity increases in a concave way along vehicles in the oscillations.
Moreover, all datasets collapse into a single concave curve, which indicates a
universal evolution law of oscillations. A comparison with traffic experiment
shows that the empirical and the experimental results are highly compatible and
can be fitted by a single concave curve, which demonstrates that qualitatively
the growth pattern of oscillations is not affected by type of bottleneck and
lane changing behavior. We have shown theoretically that small disturbances
increase in a convex way in the initial stage in the traditional models
presuming a unique relationship between speed and density, which obviously
deviates from our findings. Simulations show that stochastic models in which
the traffic state dynamically spans a 2D region in the speed-spacing plane can
qualitatively or even quantitatively reproduce the concave growth pattern of
traffic oscillations
Improved 2D Intelligent Driver Model simulating synchronized flow and evolution concavity in traffic flow
This paper firstly show that 2 Dimensional Intelligent Driver Model (Jiang et
al., PloS one, 9(4), e94351, 2014) is not able to replicate the synchronized
traffic flow. Then we propose an improved model by considering the difference
between the driving behaviors at high speeds and that at low speeds.
Simulations show that the improved model can reproduce the phase transition
from synchronized flow to wide moving jams, the spatiotemporal patterns of
traffic flow induced by traffic bottleneck, and the evolution concavity of
traffic oscillations (i.e. the standard deviation of the velocities of vehicles
increases in a concave/linear way along the platoon). Validating results show
that the empirical time series of traffic speed obtained from Floating Car Data
can be well simulated as well.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1507.0405
Common feature of concave growth pattern of oscillations in terms of speed, acceleration, fuel consumption and emission in car following: experiment and modeling
This paper has investigated the growth pattern of traffic oscillations by
using vehicle trajectory data in a car following experiment. We measured the
standard deviation of acceleration, emission and fuel consumption of each
vehicle in the car-following platoon. We found that: (1) Similar to the
standard deviation of speed, these indices exhibit a common feature of concave
growth pattern along vehicles in the platoon; (2) The emission and fuel
consumption of each vehicle decrease remarkably when the average speed of the
platoon increases from low value; However, when reaches 30km/h, the change of
emission and fuel consumption with is not so significant; (3), the correlations
of emission and fuel consumption with both the standard deviation of
acceleration and the speed oscillation are strong. Simulations show that with
the memory effect of drivers taken into account, the improved two-dimensional
intelligent driver model is able to reproduce the common feature of traffic
oscillation evolution quite well
Cellular automaton model with dynamical 2D speed-gap relation reproduces empirical and experimental features of traffic flow
This paper proposes an improved cellular automaton traffic flow model based
on the brake light model, which takes into account that the desired time gap of
vehicles is remarkably larger than one second. Although the hypothetical steady
state of vehicles in the deterministic limit corresponds to a unique
relationship between speeds and gaps in the proposed model, the traffic states
of vehicles dynamically span a two-dimensional region in the plane of speed
versus gap, due to the various randomizations. It is shown that the model is
able to well reproduce (i) the free flow, synchronized flow, jam as well as the
transitions among the three phases; (ii) the evolution features of disturbances
and the spatiotemporal patterns in a car-following platoon; (iii) the empirical
time series of traffic speed obtained from NGSIM data. Therefore, we argue that
a model can potentially reproduce the empirical and experimental features of
traffic flow, provided that the traffic states are able to dynamically span a
2D speed-gap region
Cellular automata approach to synchronized traffic flow modelling
Cellular automaton (CA) approach is an important theoretical framework for
studying complex system behavior and has been widely applied in various
research field. CA traffic flow models have the advantage of flexible evolution
rules and high computation efficiency. Therefore, CA develops very quickly and
has been widely applied in transportation field. In recent two decades, traffic
flow study quickly developed, among which "synchronized flow" is perhaps one of
the most important concepts and findings. Many new CA models have been proposed
in this direction. This paper makes a review of development of CA models,
concerning their ability to reproduce synchronized flow as well as traffic
breakdown from free flow to synchronized flow. Finally, future directions have
been discussed
Cellular automaton model simulating spatiotemporal patterns, phase transitions and evolution concavity in traffic flow
This paper firstly show that a recent model (Tian et al., Transpn. Res. B 71,
138-157, 2015) is not able to well replicate the evolution concavity in traffic
flow, i.e. the standard deviation of vehicles increases in a concave/linear way
along the platoon. Then we propose an improved model by introducing the safe
speed, the logistic function of the randomization probability, and small
randomization deceleration for low-speed vehicles into the model. Simulations
show that the improved model can well reproduce the metastable states, the
spatiotemporal patterns, the phase transition behaviors of traffic flow, and
the evolution concavity of traffic oscillations. Validating results show that
the empirical time series of traffic speed obtained from Floating Car Data can
be well simulated as well
A comparison study on the growth pattern of traffic oscillations in car-following experiments
The evolution of oscillations is a very important issue in traffic flow
studies. A recent car-following experiment (Experiment-I) showed that the speed
standard deviation grows in a concave way along a platoon of vehicles following
one another. This finding indicates that the traditional traffic instability
mechanism is debatable, in which the speed standard deviation initially grows
in a convex way. This paper has investigated the growth pattern of traffic
oscillations in another car-following experiment (Experiment-II) and compared
it with that in Experiment-I. It is shown that the speed standard deviation
also exhibits concave growth characteristics in Experiment-II. The
paired-sample t-test and the Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test showed that there is
no significant difference between the two datasets. However, the acceleration
standard deviation was remarkably larger in Experiment-II since drivers were
asked to follow closely. Furthermore, a comparison experiment has been
performed which indicates that the set of experiments on a circular track can
be considered equivalent to that on a straight track. Our study is expected to
shed light not only on traffic flow dynamics itself but also on the future
design of the experiment scheme
Microscopic driving theory with oscillatory congested states: model and empirical verification
The essential distinction between the Fundamental Diagram Approach (FDA) and
Kerner's Three- Phase Theory (KTPT) is the existence of a unique gap-speed (or
flow-density) relationship in the former class. In order to verify this
relationship, empirical data are analyzed with the following findings: (1)
linear relationship between the actual space gap and speed can be identified
when the speed difference between vehicles approximates zero; (2) vehicles
accelerate or decelerate around the desired space gap most of the time. To
explain these phenomena, we propose that, in congested traffic flow, the space
gap between two vehicles will oscillate around the desired space gap in the
deterministic limit. This assumption is formulated in terms of a cellular
automaton. In contrast to FDA and KTPT, the new model does not have any
congested steady-state solution. Simulations under periodic and open boundary
conditions reproduce the empirical findings of KTPT. Calibrating and validating
the model to detector data produces results that are better than that of
previous studies.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1305.068
Theoretical investigation, simulation and empirical analysis of the growth pattern of traffic oscillations in the Euler coordinates
The formation and development of oscillations is an important traffic flow
phenomenon. Recent studies found that along a vehicle platoon described in the
Lagrangian specification, traffic oscillations grow in a concave way. Since
stationary bottlenecks are more intuitively described in the Eulerian
framework, this paper investigates whether the concave growth pattern of
traffic oscillations in the Lagrangian coordinates can be transferred to the
Euler coordinates (i.e. the concave increase in standard deviation is no longer
measured across the vehicle indices but as a function of the road location). To
this end, we theoretically unify these two ways of measuring oscillations by
revealing their mapping relationship. We show that the growth pattern measured
in the Lagrangian coordinates can be transferred to the Euler coordinates. We
believe this finding is nontrivial since the scenarios are significantly
different: while in vehicle platoons (Lagrangian view, non-penetrable moving
bottleneck), the speed variance for a given vehicle is ideally constant, the
drivers in the Eulerian setting (penetrable stationary bottleneck triggering
the waves) experience all amplitudes, first the big ones and then the small
ones. To test this proposition, we performed simulation using two different
kinds of car-following models. Simulation results validate the theoretical
analysis. Finally, we performed empirical analysis using the NGSIM data, which
also validates the theoretical analysis
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